Models of Horizontal Eye Movements by Alireza Ghahari, John D. Enderle

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Models of Horizontal Eye Movements

Author : Alireza Ghahari, John D. Enderle

Publisher : Springer Nature

Published : 2022-06-01

ISBN-10 : 3031016637

ISBN-13 : 9783031016639

Number of Pages : 108 Pages

Language : en

Descriptions Models of Horizontal Eye Movements

There are five different types of eye movements: saccades, smooth pursuit, vestibular ocular eye movements, optokinetic eye movements, and vergence eye movements. The purpose of this book series is focused primarily on mathematical models of the horizontal saccadic eye movement system and the smooth pursuit system, rather than on how visual information is processed. In Part 1, early models of saccades and smooth pursuit are presented. A number of oculomotor plant models are described here beginning with the Westheimer model published in 1954, and up through our 1995 model involving a 4th order oculomotor plant model. In Part 2, a 2009 version of a state-of-the-art model is presented for horizontal saccades that is 3rd-order and linear, and controlled by a physiologically based time-optimal neural network. Part 3 describes a model of the saccade system, focusing on the neural network. It presents a neural network model of biophysical neurons in the midbrain for controlling oculomotor muscles during horizontal human saccades. In this book, a multiscale model of the saccade system is presented, focusing on a multiscale neural network and muscle fiber model. Chapter 1 presents a comprehensive model for the control of horizontal saccades using a muscle fiber model for the lateral and medial rectus muscles. The importance of this model is that each muscle fiber has a separate neural input. This model is robust and accounts for the neural activity for both large and small saccades. The muscle fiber model consists of serial sequences of muscle fibers in parallel with other serial sequences of muscle fibers. Each muscle fiber is described by a parallel combination of a linear length tension element, viscous element, and active-state tension generator. Chapter 2 presents a biophysically realistic neural network model in the midbrain to drive a muscle fiber oculomotor plant during horizontal monkey saccades. Neural circuitry, including omnipause neuron, premotor excitatory and inhibitory burst neurons, long lead burst neuron, tonic neuron, interneuron, abducens nucleus, and oculomotor nucleus, is developed to examine saccade dynamics. The time-optimal control mechanism demonstrates how the neural commands are encoded in the downstream saccadic pathway by realization of agonist and antagonist controller models. Consequently, each agonist muscle fiber is stimulated by an agonist neuron, while an antagonist muscle fiber is unstimulated by a pause and step from the antagonist neuron. It is concluded that the neural network is constrained by a minimum duration of the agonist pulse, and that the most dominant factor in determining the saccade magnitude is the number of active neurons for the small saccades. For the large saccades, however, the duration of agonist burst firing significantly affects the control of saccades. The proposed saccadic circuitry establishes a complete model of saccade generation since it not only includes the neural circuits at both the premotor and motor stages of the saccade generator, but it also uses a time-optimal controller to yield the desired saccade magnitude. Table of Contents: Acknowledgments / A New Linear Muscle Fiber Model for Neural Control of Saccades\footnotemark / A Physiological Neural Controller of a Muscle Fiber Oculomotor Plant in Horizontal Monkey Saccades\footnotemark / References / Authors' Biographies

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Results Models of Horizontal Eye Movements

Models of Horizontal Eye Movements: Part 3, a Neuron an… - Each of these movements is a conjugate eye movement, that is, movements of both eyes together driven by a common neural source. A vergence movement is a non-conjugate eye movement allowing the eyes to track targets as they come closer or farther away. In Part 1, early models of saccades and smooth pursuit are presented

Models of Horizontal Eye Movements | 9783031005336, 9783031016615 - Models of Horizontal Eye Movements: Part 3, A Neuron and Muscle Based Linear Saccade Model is written by Alireza Ghahari; John D. Enderle and published by Springer. The Digital and eTextbook ISBNs for Models of Horizontal Eye Movements are 9783031016615, 3031016610 and the print ISBNs are 9783031005336, 3031005333. Save up to 80% versus print by going digital with VitalSource

Models of Horizontal Eye Movements, Part I - Springer - There are five different types of eye movements: saccades, smooth pursuit, vestibular ocular eye movements, optokinetic eye movements, and vergence eye movements. The purpose of this book is focused primarily on mathematical models of the horizontal saccadic eye movement system and the smooth pursuit system, rather than on how visual

Models of Horizontal Eye Movements - Google Books - There are five different types of eye movements: saccades, smooth pursuit, vestibular ocular eye movements, optokinetic eye movements, and vergence eye movements. The purpose of this book is focused primarily on mathematical models of the horizontal saccadic eye movement system and the smooth pursuit system, rather than on how visual information is processed

Models of Horizontal Eye Movements - Google Books - There are five different types of eye movements: saccades, smooth pursuit, vestibular ocular eye movements, optokinetic eye movements, and vergence eye movements. The purpose of this book series is focused primarily on mathematical models of the horizontal saccadic eye movement system and the smooth pursuit system, rather than on how visual information is processed

Models Of Horizontal Eye Movements, Part 1 - Goodreads - There are five different types of eye movements: saccades, smooth pursuit, vestibular ocular eye movements, optokinetic eye movements, and vergence eye movements. The purpose of this book is focused primarily on mathematical models of the horizontal saccadic eye movement system and the smooth pursuit system, rather than on how visual

Models of horizontal eye movements. Part 3, A neuron and muscle based - Select search scope, currently: catalog all catalog, articles, website, & more in one search; catalog books, media & more in the Stanford Libraries' collections; articles+ journal articles & other e-resources

Models of Horizontal Eye Movements - Springer - There are five different types of eye movements: saccades, smooth pursuit, vestibular ocular eye movements, optokinetic eye movements, and vergence eye movements. The purpose of this book series is focused primarily on mathematical models of the horizontal saccadic eye movement system and the smooth pursuit system, rather than on how visual

Models of Horizontal Eye Movements, Part I - OverDrive - There are five different types of eye movements: saccades, smooth pursuit, vestibular ocular eye movements, optokinetic eye movements, and vergence eye movements. The purpose of this book is focused primarily on mathematical models of the horizontal saccadic eye movement system and the smooth pursuit system, rather than on how visual

Types of Eye Movements and Their Functions - Neuroscience - NCBI Bookshelf - There are four basic types of eye movements: saccades, smooth pursuit movements, vergence movements, and vestibulo-ocular movements. The functions of each type of eye movement are introduced here; in subsequent sections, the neural circuitry responsible for three of these types of movements is presented in more detail (see Chapters 14 and 19 for further discussion of neural circuitry

Models of Horizontal Eye Movements, Part II: A 3rd Order Linear Saccade - There are five different types of eye movements: saccades, smooth pursuit, vestibular ocular eye movements, optokinetic eye movements, and vergence eye movements. The purpose of this book is focused primarily on mathematical models of the horizontal saccadic eye movement system and the

(PDF) Models of Horizontal Eye Movements: Part 3, A Neuron and Muscle - Data is analyzed to produce parameter estimates using system identification technique for a 3rd-order linear horizontal saccadic eye movement model. Saccade characteristics are explored and compared

Models of Horizontal Eye Movements: Part 4, A Multiscale Neuron and - There are five different types of eye movements: saccades, smooth pursuit, vestibular ocular eye movements, optokinetic eye movements, and vergence eye movements. The purpose of this book series is focused primarily on mathematical models of the horizontal saccadic eye movement system and

Models of Horizontal Eye Movements | 9783031005350, 9783031016639 - Models of Horizontal Eye Movements: Part 4, A Multiscale Neuron and Muscle Fiber-Based Linear Saccade Model is written by Alireza Ghahari; John D. Enderle and published by Springer. The Digital and eTextbook ISBNs for Models of Horizontal Eye Movements are 9783031016639, 3031016637 and the print ISBNs are 9783031005350, 303100535X. Save up to 80% versus print by going digital with VitalSource

Models of Horizontal Eye Movements, Part 1: Early Models of Saccades - The purpose of this book is focused primarily on mathematical models of the horizontal saccadic eye movement system and the smooth pursuit system, rather than on how visual information is processed. A saccade is a fast eye movement used to acquire a target by placing the image of the target on the fovea. Smooth pursuit is a slow eye movement

Models of Horizontal Eye Movements, Part I: Early Models of Saccades - There are five different types of eye movements: saccades, smooth pursuit, vestibular ocular eye movements, optokinetic eye movements, and vergence eye movements. The purpose of this book is focused primarily on mathematical models of the horizontal saccadic eye movement system and the smooth pursuit system, rather than on how visual information is processed. A saccade is a fast eye movement

(PDF) Models of Horizontal Eye Movements, Part I: Early Models of - Models of Horizontal Eye Movements, Part I: Early Models of Saccades and Smooth Pursuit. January 2010. 10.2200/S00263ED1V01Y201003BME034. Source. DBLP. Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers

A model of the smooth pursuit eye movement system - PubMed - Abstract. Human, horizontal, smooth-pursuit eye movements were recorded by the search coil method in response to Rashbass step-ramp stimuli of 5 to 30 deg/s. Eye velocity records were analyzed by measuring features such as the time, velocity and acceleration of the point of peak acceleration, the time and velocity of the peaks and troughs of

Models of Horizontal Eye Movements - Google Books -

(PDF) Models of Horizontal Eye Movements, Part I: Early Models of - WebThe eye movement or oculomotor system is responsible for movement of the eyes so that images are clearly seen. The oculomotor system also responds to auditory and vestibular …

Models of Horizontal Eye Movements - Springer -

(PDF) Models of Horizontal Eye Movements: Part 3, A … -

Models of Horizontal Eye Movements - Springer - Web · There are five different types of eye movements: saccades, smooth pursuit, vestibular ocular eye movements, optokinetic eye movements, and vergence eye …

Types of Eye Movements and Their Functions - WebThere are four basic types of eye movements: saccades, smooth pursuit movements, vergence movements, and vestibulo-ocular movements. The functions of each type of …

(PDF) Models of Horizontal Eye Movements, Part I: … -

Models of Horizontal Eye Movements - Google Books - WebA vergence movement is a non-conjugate eye movement allowing the eyes to track targets as they come closer or farther away. In Part 1, early models of saccades and smooth …

Models of Horizontal Eye Movements, Part II - Springer - WebIn this book, a 2009 version of a state-of-the-art model is presented for horizontal saccades that is 3rd-order and linear, and controlled by a physiologically based time-optimal neural …

Models of Horizontal Eye Movements, Part I - Springer - WebThere are five different types of eye movements: saccades, smooth pursuit, vestibular ocular eye movements, optokinetic eye movements, and vergence eye movements. …

Finite Element Analysis Predicts Large Optic Nerve Head Strains During Horizontal Eye Movements - PubMed - Our models predicted high ONH strains during eye movements, which were aggravated with stiffer optic nerve sheaths. Further studies are needed to explore links between ONH strains induced by eye movements and axonal loss in glaucoma

Finite Element Analysis Predicts Large Optic Nerve Head Strains - Methods: The ocular globes and orbits of a healthy subject were visualized during horizontal eye movements (up to 13°), using dynamic MRI. A baseline FE model

Coupling Between Horizontal and Vertical Components of Saccadic Eye Movements During Constant Amplitude and Direction Gaze Shifts in the Rhesus Monkey - When the head is free to move, changes in the direction of the line of sight (gaze shifts) can be accomplished using coordinated movements of the eyes and head. During repeated gaze shifts between the same two targets, the amplitudes of the saccadic eye

Model-Based Separation, Detection, and Classification of Eye Movements - Objective: We present a physiologically motivated eye movement analysis framework for model-based separation, detection, and classification (MBSDC) of eye movements. By estimating kinematic and neural controller signals for saccades, smooth pursuit, and fixational eye movements in a mechanistic model of the oculomotor system we are able to separate and analyze these eye movements independently. Methods: We extended an established oculomotor model for horizontal eye movements by neural controller signals and by a blink artifact model. To estimate kinematic (position, velocity, acceleration, forces) and neural controller signals from eye position data, we employ Kalman smoothing and sparse input estimation techniques. The estimated signals are used for detecting saccade start and end points, and for classifying the recording into saccades, smooth pursuit, fixations, post-saccadic oscillations, and blinks. Results: On simulated data, the reconstruction error of the velocity profiles is about half the error value

An adaptive control model for human head and eye movements while walking - When a person walks the head undergoes horizontal and vertical rotations, and also horizontal and vertical translations. To visually fixate on an object while walking, compensatory horizontal and vertical eye movements must be made. The model for this gaze (head plus eye) control system includes three types of eye movements: smooth pursuit, saccadic, and vestibulo-ocular. The smooth pursuit system uses a target-selective adaptive controller that compensates for the large inherent time delay and produces zero-latency tracking of predictable targets. Target movements were selected to minimize the role of the saccadic control system. Typical tracking is shown while seated with the head restrained, standing with unrestrained head, performing voluntary head rotations, and walking. Each additional degree of freedom produced additional head movements that were compensated by additional eye movements. It is shown that while a human walks the effects of head rotations (yaw) cancel the effects of head translations, thu

Models of Horizontal Eye Movements, Part 1: Early Models of Saccades and Smooth Pursuit (Synthesis Lectures on Biomedical Engineering, 34): 9781608452323: Medicine & Health Science Books @ - There are five different types of eye movements: saccades, smooth pursuit, vestibular ocular eye movements, optokinetic eye movements, and vergence eye movements. The purpose of this book is focused primarily on mathematical models of the horizontal saccadic eye movement system and the smooth

(PDF) Models of Horizontal Eye Movements, Part I: Early Models of Saccades and Smooth Pursuit - PDF | On Jan 1, 2010, John D. Enderle published Models of Horizontal Eye Movements, Part I: Early Models of Saccades and Smooth Pursuit | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate

Neural Correlates of Forward and Inverse Models for Eye Movements: Evidence from Three-Dimensional Kinematics - Inverse and forward dynamic models have been conceptually important in computational motor control. In particular, inverse models are thought to convert desired action into appropriate motor commands. In parallel, forward models predict the consequences

[PDF] Eye movement prediction by Kalman filter with integrated linear horizontal oculomotor plant mechanical model | Semantic Scholar - A linear horizontal oculomotor plant mechanical model is developed that consists of the eye globe and two extraocular muscles: lateral and medial recti and provides continuous eye movement prediction with a high degree of accuracy. The goal of this paper is to predict future horizontal eye movement trajectories within a specified time interval. To achieve this goal a linear horizontal oculomotor plant mechanical model is developed. The model consists of the eye globe and two extraocular muscles: lateral and medial recti. The model accounts for such anatomical properties of the eye as muscle location, elasticity, viscosity, eye-globe rotational inertia, muscle active state tension, length tension and force velocity relationships. The mathematical equations describing the oculomotor plant mechanical model are transformed into a Kalman filter form. Such transformation provides continuous eye movement prediction with a high degree of accuracy. The model was tested with 21 subjects and three multimedia files. Prac

Models of Horizontal Eye Movements, Part I - Jun 1, 2022 ... The purpose of this book is focused primarily on mathematical models of the horizontal saccadic eye movement system and the smooth pursuit